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to the steel in the furnace

  • 1 add (e. g., ferrosilicon) to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Макаров: давать добавку (напр. ферросилиция) в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > add (e. g., ferrosilicon) to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

  • 2 add e. g., ferrosilicon, to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > add e. g., ferrosilicon, to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

  • 3 add ferrosilicon to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > add ferrosilicon to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

  • 4 add to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Макаров: (e. g., ferrosilicon) давать добавку (напр. ферросилиция) в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу, присаживать добавку в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > add to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

  • 5 make an addition of (e. g., ferrosilicon) to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Макаров: присаживать добавку (напр. ферросилиция) в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > make an addition of (e. g., ferrosilicon) to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

  • 6 make an addition of (e. g., ferrosilicon, to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould)

    Макаров: присаживать добавку (напр. ферросилиция в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > make an addition of (e. g., ferrosilicon, to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould)

  • 7 make an addition of ferrosilicon to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > make an addition of ferrosilicon to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

  • 8 make an addition of to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Макаров: (e. g., ferrosilicon) присаживать добавку (напр. ферросилиция) в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > make an addition of to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

  • 9 furnace

    1. топка стационарного котла
    2. топка
    3. техническая печь
    4. печь (металлургия)
    5. печь (в полупроводниковых приборах)
    6. печка
    7. котёл системы центрального парового отопления
    8. корпус многокорпусного котлоагрегата
    9. камерная топка стационарного котла

     

    камерная топка стационарного котла
    камерная топка

    Топка стационарного котла, в которой пылевидное, жидкое или газообразное топливо сжигается в факеле.
    [ ГОСТ 23172-78]

    Тематики

    • котел, водонагреватель

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    корпус многокорпусного котлоагрегата

    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    котёл системы центрального парового отопления

    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    печка
    печь
    топка
    топочная камера
    горн
    котёл


    [ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

     

    печь (в полупроводниковых приборах)
    Устройство, используемое при изготовлении полупроводниковых приборов для высокотемпературной обработки подложек в среде строго управляемого состава; используются массивные нагревательные элементы и поэтому не допускаются быстрые изменения температуры подложек; процесс требует большого количества тепловой энергии; экономичной альтернативой является процесс RTP.
    [ http://www.cscleansystems.com/glossary.html]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    печь
    Тепловое технологическое оборудование (устройство), в котором рабочим видом энергии является теплота. Представляет огражденное от окружающего пространства устройство, в котором происходят теплогенерация и теплообмен для тепловой обработки материала в тех или иных технологических целях. Совокупность тепловых процессов в печи есть ее тепловая работа. Рабочее пространство печи условно можно разделить на две зоны: основная — технологического процесса (ЗТП) и вспомогательная — генерации теплоты (ЗГТ). Необходимые энергетические условия в ЗТП можно создать в результате теплообмена между зонами (печь-теплообменник) или теплогенерацией непосредственно в ЗТП, совмещая обе зоны (печь-теплогенератор). Печи подразделяют по технологическому назначению: сушильные, обжиговые, нагревательные, термические, плавильные, переплавные и т.п.; по теплогенерации: топливные, автогенные и электрические; по способу передачи теплоты: прямого или косвенного нагрева (действия); по режиму работы: периодического или непрерывного (постоянного) действия, методические; по форме рабочего пространства: с вертикальным рабочим пространством — башенные, колпаковые, шахтные, элеваторные и т.п., с горизонтальным рабочим пространством — барабанные, камерные, проходные, секционные, трубчатые, туннельные и т.п., ванные, подовые, с кристаллизатором, тигельные и др.; по способу передвижения заготовки (в нагревательных печах): карусельные, конвейерные, протяжные, рольганговые, с вращающимся, выдвижным (выкатным), пульсирующим, роликовым или шагающим подом, с моталкой, с шагающими балками, толкательные, элеваторные и др.; по рабочей среде ЗТП (электрические печи): открытые, вакуумные, вакуумно-компрессорные, с контролируемой средой инертных или защитных газов; по способу утилизации теплоты отходящих газов: регенераторные, рекуператорные, с котлом-утилизатором, пароиспарительным камином или подогревом шихтовых материалов. Печи характеризуют параметры: геометрические размеры рабочего пространства, масса нагреваемого материала (для нагревательных печей периодического действия — садка, для плавильных печей — емкость, для печей непрерывного действия — массовая скорость нагрева или часовая производительность), мощность. Технико-экономические показатели работы печей: производительность общая и удельная — на единицу площади пода (т.н. напряженность пода), удельный расход топлива или электрической энергии, коэффициент использования топлива и полезного действия печи, для определения которых составляют тепловые балансы мощности — для печей непрерывного действия, и энергии — для печей периодического действия.
    [ http://www.manual-steel.ru/eng-a.html]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    техническая печь

    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    furnace
    A structure or apparatus in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, often to warm houses, melt metals, produce steam and bake pottery. (Source: RHW)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    топка

    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    топка стационарного котла
    топка

    Устройство стационарного котла, предназначенное для сжигания органического топлива, частичного охлаждения продуктов сгорания и выделения золы.
    [ ГОСТ 23172-78]

    Тематики

    • котел, водонагреватель

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

    105. Топка стационарного котла

    Топка

    D. Feuerung

    E. Furnace

    F. Foyer

    Устройство стационарного котла, предназначенное для сжигания органического топлива, частичного охлаждения продуктов сгорания и выделения золы

    Источник: ГОСТ 23172-78: Котлы стационарные. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    112. Камерная топка стационарного котла

    Камерная топка

    D. Kammerfeuerung

    E. Furnace

    F. Foyer a chambre

    Топка стационарного котла, в которой пылевидное, жидкое или газообразное топливо сжигается в факеле

    Источник: ГОСТ 23172-78: Котлы стационарные. Термины и определения оригинал документа

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > furnace

  • 10 Gibbons, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    fl. 1800–50 Staffordshire, England
    [br]
    English ironmaster who introduced the round hearth in the blastfurnace.
    [br]
    Gibbons was an ironmaster in the Black Country, South Staffordshire, in charge of six blast furnaces owned by the family business. Until Gibbons's innovation in 1832, small changes in the form of the furnace had at times been made, but no one had seriously questioned the square shape of the hearth. Gibbons noticed that a new furnace often worked poorly by improved as time went on. When it was "blown out", i.e. taken out of commission, he found that the corners of the hearth had been rounded off and the sides gouged out, so that it was roughly circular in shape. Gibbons wisely decided to build a blast furnace with a round hearth alongside an existing one with a traditionally shaped hearth and work them in exactly the same conditions. The old furnace produced 75 tons of iron in a week, about normal for the time, while the new one produced 100 tons. Further improvements followed and in 1838 a fellow ironmaster in the same district, T. Oakes, considerably enlarged the furnace, its height attaining no less than 60ft (18m). As a result, output soared to over 200 tons a week. Most other ironmasters adopted the new form with enthusiasm and it proved to be the basis for the modern blast furnace. Gibbons made another interesting innovation: he began charging his furnace with the "rubbish", slag or cinder, from earlier ironmaking operations. It contained a significant amount of iron and was cheaper to obtain than iron ore, as it was just lying around in heaps. Some ironmasters scorned to use other people's throw-outs, but Gibbons sensibly saw it as a cheap source of iron; it was a useful source for some years during the nineteenth century but its use died out when the heaps were used up. Gibbons published an account of his improvements in ironmaking in a pamphlet entitled Practical Remarks on the Construction of the Staffordshire Blast Furnace.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Further Reading
    J.Percy, 1864, Metallurgy. Iron and Steel, London, p. 476. W.K.V.Gale, 1969, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans, pp. 44–6.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Gibbons, John

  • 11 печь

    broiler, furnace, heater, oven, stove
    * * *
    печь ж.
    1. furnace
    загружа́ть печь — charge (e. g., a metal) into a furnace
    печь остано́влена для сме́ны футеро́вки — the furnace is off for a relining
    печь рабо́тает на (напр. жидком) [m2]то́пливе — the furnace is fired with (e. g., liquid) fuel
    раста́пливать печь — fire up a furnace
    топи́ть печь — fire a furnace
    футерова́ть печь — line a furnace
    2. (для нагрева до сравнительно невысоких температур, ниже температуры плавления) oven
    3. (для обжига, сушки и прокаливания) kiln
    4. (для сушки изложниц, форм и стержней) stove
    5. (для выпечки хлеба, приготовления пищи) oven
    6. (для обогрева, особенно жилища) stove
    7. горн. breakthrough, bord, rise entry, cut-through
    агломерацио́нная печь — sintering furnace
    печь бараба́нного ти́па — drum-type furnace
    бискви́тная печь — biscuit oven
    ва́нная печь — bath [tank] furnace
    ватержаке́тная печь — water jacket furnace
    ва́фельная печь — wafer oven
    возго́ночная печь — subliming furnace
    восстанови́тельная печь — reduction furnace
    враща́ющаяся печь
    1. rotating furnace
    2. rotary kiln
    враща́ющаяся, бараба́нная печь — rotary drum-type furnace
    вулканизацио́нная печь — vulcanizing [curing] oven
    высокочасто́тная печь — high-frequency furnace
    га́зовая печь
    1. gas(-fired) furnace
    2. gas(-fired) kiln; gas(-fired) oven
    гартоплави́льная печь полигр.type metal melting furnace
    гипсообжига́тельная печь — plaster kiln
    голла́ндская печь — Dutch oven
    горшко́вая печь — pot furnace
    дистилляцио́нная печь — distilling furnace
    печь для глазурова́ния — glaze kiln
    печь для кальцини́рования — calcining oven
    печь для о́бжига кирпича́ — brick kiln
    печь для па́йки — brazing furnace
    печь для пла́вки на штейн — matting furnace
    печь для рафини́рования — affinage furnace
    до́менная печь — blast furnace (см. тж. домна)
    выдува́ть до́менную печь — blow out a blast furnace
    держа́ть до́менную печь под дутьё́м — keep a furnace in blast
    задува́ть до́менную печь — blow in a blast furnace
    до́менная печь с конве́йерной пода́чей — belt-charged blast furnace
    дровяна́я печь — wood-burning stove
    дугова́я печь — electric arc furnace
    жарова́я печь — direct heat oven
    печь, загружа́емая све́рху — top-charged furnace
    зака́лочная печь — hardening furnace
    зейгеро́вочная печь — liquating [dross(ing) ] furnace
    золотоплави́льная печь — bullion furnace
    известеобжига́тельная печь — lime kiln
    индукцио́нная печь — induction furnace
    индукцио́нная, кана́льная печь — submerged-resistor induction furnace
    индукцио́нная, ти́гельная печь — coreless induction furnace
    ка́мерная печь
    1. chamber furnace
    2. chamber kiln; chamber oven
    кана́льная печь — hot-air oven
    кача́ющаяся печь — tilting furnace
    печь кипя́щего сло́я — fluidized bed furnace
    кирпичеобжига́тельная печь — brick kiln
    ки́слая печь — acid-lined furnace
    ко́ксовая печь — coke oven
    ко́ксовая печь с вертика́лами — vertical-flued coke oven
    ко́ксовая печь с ула́вливанием хими́ческих проду́ктов — chemical-recovery coke oven
    ко́ксовая, узкока́мерная печь — slab coke oven
    ко́ксовая, у́льевая печь — beehive coke oven
    коло́дезная печь метал.pit furnace
    колпако́вая печь — bell(-type) furnace
    кольцева́я печь — ring [annular] furnace
    конве́йерная печь — travelling oven
    конта́ктная печь — catalyst furnace
    копти́льная печь — smoking kiln
    кузне́чная печь — forging furnace
    купеляцио́нная печь — cupel(ing) furnace, cupel
    печь лё́гкого кре́кинга — viscosity breaking furnace
    лите́йная печь — foundry furnace
    лю́лечная печь — (swinging-)tray oven
    марте́новская печь — open-hearth furnace
    марте́новская, ки́слая печь — acid open-hearth furnace
    марте́новская, основна́я печь — basic open-hearth furnace
    методи́ческая печь — continuous furnace
    многопо́довая печь — multihearth furnace
    многоя́русная печь — multideck oven
    мусоросжига́тельная печь — incinerator
    му́фельная печь — muffle furnace
    нагрева́тельная печь — heating furnace; ( для слитков) reheating furnace
    печь непреры́вного де́йствия
    1. continuous furnace
    2. continuous kiln
    нормализацио́нная печь — normalizing furnace
    обжа́рочная печь — roaster
    о́бжиговая печь — kiln; oven, roasting furnace, roaster; ( в производстве керамических изделий) firing kiln
    заде́лывать отве́рстия в о́бжиговой пе́чи — close the kiln
    о́бжиговая, гонча́рная печь — pottery kiln
    о́бжиговая, многопо́лочная печь ( для обжига колчедана) — multishelf furnace
    о́бжиговая печь с кипя́щим сло́ем — fluidized-bed [fluid-bed] roaster
    о́бжиговая печь с механи́ческим перегреба́нием — mechanical calcining oven
    о́бжиговая, тру́бчатая враща́ющаяся печь — tubular rotary kiln
    одноя́русная печь — one-deck oven
    опа́лочная печь — singeing oven
    основна́я печь — basic-lined furnace
    отжига́тельная печь — annealing furnace
    отража́тельная печь
    1. reverberatory furnace
    2. reverberatory kiln
    печь периоди́ческого де́йствия
    1. batch furnace
    2. batch kiln, batch oven
    плави́льная печь — melting furnace
    плави́льная, ти́гельная печь — crucible melting furnace
    плави́льная, ша́хтная печь — shaft melting furnace
    пла́зменная печь — plasm furnace
    плазменнодугова́я печь — plasm-arc furnace
    пла́менная печь — combustion furnace
    проби́рная печь — assay furnace
    промы́шленная печь — industrial furnace
    проходна́я печь — continuous furnace
    печь прямо́го нагре́ва — directly fuel kiln
    регенерати́вная печь — regenerative furnace
    рекуперати́вная печь — recuperative furnace
    рето́ртная печь — retort furnace
    ро́торная печь — rotor furnace, rotor vessel
    рудовосстанови́тельная печь — oresmelting furnace
    руднотерми́ческая печь — ore-smelting furnace
    рудообжига́тельная печь — ore-roasting furnace, ore roaster
    рудоплави́льная печь — smelting furnace
    рыбокопти́льная печь — fish smoking kiln
    сва́рочная печь — welding furnace
    печь с ве́рхним отопле́нием — top-fired kiln
    печь с враща́ющимся по́дом
    1. rotary [rotating] hearth furnace
    2. rotary [rotating] hearth kiln; rotary [rotating] hearth oven
    печь с выдвижны́м (выкатны́м) по́дом — car-bottom [car-type] furnace
    печь с вы́пуском пла́вки в два ковша́ — bifurcated furnace
    печь с конве́йерным по́дом
    1. conveyer furnace
    2. travelling sole oven
    печь сопротивле́ния — (с электродами, вводимыми в шихту, которая разогревается проходящими через неё токами) resistance furnace; (с нагревательными элементами в виде сопротивлений, несоприкасающимися с шихтой) resistor furnace
    сталеплави́льная печь — steel melting furnace
    стациона́рная печь — fixed furnace
    стеклова́ренная печь — glassmaking furnace
    суши́льная печь — drying kiln; drying oven
    суши́льная печь для сухаре́й — rusk oven
    печь с шага́ющим по́дом — walking-beam furnace
    терми́ческая печь — heat-treating furnace
    ти́гельная печь — crucible furnace
    толка́тельная печь — pusher-type furnace
    томи́льная печь — soaking pit
    тру́бчатая печь — tube furnace
    тунне́льная печь — tunnel kiln; tunnel oven
    углевыжига́тельная печь — charcoal kiln
    форсу́ночная печь — burner-feed furnace
    хлебопека́рная печь — baking oven
    цельноосно́вная печь — all-basic furnace
    цементацио́нная печь — case hardening furnace
    цементообжига́тельная печь — cement kiln
    печь цикло́нного ти́па — cyclone furnace
    цинкодистилляцио́нная печь — zinc (distillation) furnace
    ша́хтная печь — shaft furnace
    ша́хтная, сыроду́тная печь — bloomery
    ша́хтная, электри́ческая печь для хлори́рования ( в производстве магния) — electric chlorinator, chlorination furnace
    шлаковозго́нная печь ( в производстве свинца) — slag-fuming [slag-sublimate on] furnace
    щелева́я печь — slot-type furnace
    электри́ческая печь — electric furnace
    электродугова́я печь — electric arc furnace
    электролити́ческая печь — electrolytic furnace
    электроннолучева́я печь — electron beam furnace

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > печь

  • 12 Hall, Joseph

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1789
    d. 1862
    [br]
    English ironmaker who invented the wet puddling process.
    [br]
    Hall was a practical man with no theoretical background: his active years were spent at Bloomfield Ironworks, Tipton, Staffordshire. Around 1816 he began experimenting in the production of wrought iron. At that time, blast-furnace or cast iron was converted to wrought iron by the dry puddling process invented by Henry Cort in 1784. In this process, the iron was decarburized (i.e. had its carbon removed) by heating it in a current of air in a furnace with a sand bed. Some of the iron combined with the silica in the sand to form a slag, however, so that no less than 2 tons of cast iron were needed to produce 1 ton of wrought. Hall found that if bosh cinder was charged into the furnace, a vigorous reaction occurred in which the cast iron was converted much more quickly than before, to produce better quality wrought iron, a ton of which could be formed by no more than 21 cwt (1,067 kg) of cast iron. Because of the boiling action, the process came to be known as pig boiling. Bosh cinder, essentially iron oxide, was formed in the water troughs or boshes in which workers cooled their tools used in puddling and reacted with the carbon in the cast iron. The advantages of pig boiling over dry puddling were striking enough for the process to be widely used by the late 1820s. By mid-century it was virtually the only process used for producing wrought iron, an essential material for mechanical and civil engineering during the Industrial Revolution. Hall reckoned that if he had patented his invention he would have "made a million". As luck would have it, the process that he did patent in 1838 left his finances unchanged: this was for the roasting of cinder for use as the base of the puddling furnace, providing better protection than the bosh cinder for the iron plates that formed the base.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1857, The Iron Question Considered in Connection with Theory, Practice and Experience with Special Reference to the Bessemer Process, London.
    Further Reading
    J.Percy, 1864, Metallurgy. Iron and Steel, London, pp. 670 ff. W.K.V.Gale, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans, pp. 46–50.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Hall, Joseph

  • 13 Parry, George

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    fl. 1800–1850 Wales
    [br]
    Welsh ironmaker and inventor of the bell and hopper for blastfurnaces.
    [br]
    Until the mid-nineteenth century, blast furnaces were open at the top to facilitate loading of the iron ore, fuel and flux (the charge). However, that arrangement allowed the hot gases produced in the furnace to escape, whereas they could have been used to heat boilers or the incoming air blast. Attempts had been made to capture the fugitive gases, but they had all failed until George Parry devised his bell and hopper equipment for dosing the throat or top of the furnace. He fixed an inverted cone or hopper inside the throat and arranged inside it a cast-iron bell that could be raised or lowered. When in the raised position, it was in contact with the underside of the hopper, thus sealing the furnace. The hot gases could then be led off through a large pipe to do useful work. The charge was dropped onto the bell, and when enough had accumulated there the bell was lowered, allowing the charge to fall into the furnace. The gas escaped only for the brief period that the bell was lowered. The advantages of this arrangement were soon realized by other ironmasters and it was quite rapidly, and then generally, adopted. The device was still in use in the 1990s, with modifications.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1858, "On the principal causes of derangements in blast furnaces", Proceedings of the South Wales Institute of Engineers 1:26–39 (describes his improvements to the blast furnace), 28 ff. (relates to the improvements in the charging arrangements).
    Further Reading
    W.K.V.Gale, 1969, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans, p. 52.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Parry, George

  • 14 давать добавку ферросилиция в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > давать добавку ферросилиция в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

  • 15 присаживать добавку в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Makarov: add to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould, (напр. ферросилиция) make an addition of (e. g., ferrosilicon) to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > присаживать добавку в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

  • 16 добавка

    additive, addition, admixture, addition [additive] agent, agent, aid, adjunct пищ., balancer, additive compound, doctor, dope, supplement, temper
    * * *
    доба́вка ж.
    1. additive, dope, agent
    2. стр. admixture, agent
    3. метал. addition
    вводи́ть доба́вки руды́ в пла́вку — ore down the heat
    вводи́ть доба́вки чугуна́ в пла́вку — pig up the heat
    дава́ть [приса́живать] доба́вку (напр. ферросилиция) в ва́нну, жё́лоб или изло́жницу — add [make an addition of] (e. g., ferrosilicon) to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould
    дава́ть [приса́живать] доба́вку для получе́ния ну́жного содержа́ния углеро́да, ма́рганца и т. п. — make additions for carbon, manganese, etc.
    акти́вная доба́вка — active admixture
    блескообразу́ющая доба́вка ( в гальваническую ванну) — brightener
    доба́вка, введё́нная при дробле́нии — interground addition
    доба́вка в изло́жницу — addition in the mould
    доба́вка в ковш — ladle addition
    воздухововлека́ющая доба́вка — air-entraining [air-entrainment] admixture
    доба́вка в печь — furnace addition, addition in the furnace
    вспу́чивающая доба́вка ( в бетон) — expansion [bloating] agent
    выгора́ющая доба́вка — combustible [burning] addition
    газообразу́ющая доба́вка — gas-generating agent
    гася́щая доба́вка ( в люминофор) — quenching admixture, quencher (to a phosphor)
    гидравли́ческая доба́вка — hydraulic admixture
    гидравли́ческая, свя́зывающая доба́вка — hydraulic binding admixture
    гидрофо́бная доба́вка — water-repelling [waterproofing] agent
    дисперги́рующая доба́вка — dispersing agent
    доба́вка для размо́ла цеме́нта — cement-dispersion admixture
    доба́вка для улучше́ния удобоукла́дываемости бето́на — workability admixture, workability agent
    доба́вка к пищевы́м проду́ктам — food additive
    кра́сящая доба́вка — coloring admixture
    доба́вка к рацио́ну ( питательная) — dietary supplement
    леги́рующая доба́вка — alloying addition
    мати́рующая доба́вка — flatting agent
    мо́ющая доба́вка — detergent additive
    пенообразу́ющая доба́вка — foaming agent
    пластифици́рующая доба́вка — plasticizer
    пове́рхностно-акти́вная доба́вка — surfactant admixture
    противоморо́зная доба́вка — antifreeze admixture
    пуццола́новая доба́вка ( в бетон) — pozzolanic admixture
    доба́вка раскисли́теля доба́вка — finishing addition
    рассе́ивающая доба́вка — scattering diluent
    доба́вка руды́ ( в мартеновском процессе) — oreing down
    спека́ющая доба́вка — fusing [sintering] addition
    твё́рдая доба́вка — solid addition
    флюсу́ющая доба́вка — fluxing addition
    форму́ющая доба́вка — workability admixture
    цветосдвига́ющая доба́вка — colour shifter
    доба́вка чугуна́ в пла́вку — ( жидкого) hot metal addition; ( твердого) iron addition, pigging up
    шлакообразу́ющая доба́вка — slag-forming addition

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > добавка

  • 17 Darby, Abraham

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1678 near Dudley, Worcestershire, England
    d. 5 May 1717 Madely Court, Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England
    [br]
    English ironmaster, inventor of the coke smelting of iron ore.
    [br]
    Darby's father, John, was a farmer who also worked a small forge to produce nails and other ironware needed on the farm. He was brought up in the Society of Friends, or Quakers, and this community remained important throughout his personal and working life. Darby was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, a malt-mill maker in Birmingham, and on completion of his apprenticeship in 1699 he took up the trade himself in Bristol. Probably in 1704, he visited Holland to study the casting of brass pots and returned to Bristol with some Dutch workers, setting up a brassworks at Baptist Mills in partnership with others. He tried substituting cast iron for brass in his castings, without success at first, but in 1707 he was granted a patent, "A new way of casting iron pots and other pot-bellied ware in sand without loam or clay". However, his business associates were unwilling to risk further funds in the experiments, so he withdrew his share of the capital and moved to Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. There, iron ore, coal, water-power and transport lay close at hand. He took a lease on an old furnace and began experimenting. The shortage and expense of charcoal, and his knowledge of the use of coke in malting, may well have led him to try using coke to smelt iron ore. The furnace was brought into blast in 1709 and records show that in the same year it was regularly producing iron, using coke instead of charcoal. The process seems to have been operating successfully by 1711 in the production of cast-iron pots and kettles, with some pig-iron destined for Bristol. Darby prospered at Coalbrookdale, employing coke smelting with consistent success, and he sought to extend his activities in the neighbourhood and in other parts of the country. However, ill health prevented him from pursuing these ventures with his previous energy. Coke smelting spread slowly in England and the continent of Europe, but without Darby's technological breakthrough the ever-increasing demand for iron for structures and machines during the Industrial Revolution simply could not have been met; it was thus an essential component of the technological progress that was to come.
    Darby's eldest son, Abraham II (1711–63), entered the Coalbrookdale Company partnership in 1734 and largely assumed control of the technical side of managing the furnaces and foundry. He made a number of improvements, notably the installation of a steam engine in 1742 to pump water to an upper level in order to achieve a steady source of water-power to operate the bellows supplying the blast furnaces. When he built the Ketley and Horsehay furnaces in 1755 and 1756, these too were provided with steam engines. Abraham II's son, Abraham III (1750–89), in turn, took over the management of the Coalbrookdale works in 1768 and devoted himself to improving and extending the business. His most notable achievement was the design and construction of the famous Iron Bridge over the river Severn, the world's first iron bridge. The bridge members were cast at Coalbrookdale and the structure was erected during 1779, with a span of 100 ft (30 m) and height above the river of 40 ft (12 m). The bridge still stands, and remains a tribute to the skill and judgement of Darby and his workers.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Raistrick, 1989, Dynasty of Iron Founders, 2nd edn, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (the best source for the lives of the Darbys and the work of the company).
    H.R.Schubert, 1957, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry AD 430 to AD 1775, London: Routledge \& Kegan Paul.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Darby, Abraham

  • 18 Macintosh, Charles

    [br]
    b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.
    [br]
    As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.
    There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.
    In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.
    New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1823.
    Further Reading
    G.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).
    H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).
    RLH / LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Macintosh, Charles

  • 19 давать добавку (напр . ферросилиция) в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Makarov: add (e. g., ferrosilicon) to the steel in the furnace, runner or mould

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > давать добавку (напр . ферросилиция) в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

  • 20 давать добавку, напр. ферросилиция в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > давать добавку, напр. ферросилиция в ванну, жёлоб или изложницу

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